Boron deficiency-Oil Palm

Symptoms
The pinnae on the tip of the frond are bent in a hook-like shape (Hook Leaf). The leaf colour remains green.

Reasons
Boron deficiency B deficiency is likely to occur at low (<4.5) or high (>7.5) soil pH and at favourable B leaching conditions with high rainfall and sandy soils.

Symptoms
The pinnae on the tip area of the frond are bent in a hook-like shape (Hook Leaf). Snapped-off leaf tips become dry and twist. The leaflets on the outermost leaf tip do not develop properly, i.e. the leaflets do not seperate (Blind Leaf).

Reasons
Boron deficiency B deficiency is likely to occur at low (<4.5) or high (>7.5) soil pH and at favourable B leaching conditions with high rainfall and sandy soils.

Symptoms
Boron is necessary for adequate root growth: undersupplied plants show hardly any lateral root development.

Reasons
Boron deficiency on roots (left) B deficiency is likely to occur at low (<4.5) or high (>7.5) soil pH and at favourable B leaching conditions with high rainfall and sandy soils.

Symptoms
With B deficiency, the spear leaves are not able to open normally, therefore the pinnae show deformities like crumpling or crinkling (Crinkle Leaf). The leaf colour remains green.

Reasons
Boron deficiency B deficiency is likely to occur at low (<4.5) or high (>7.5) soil pH and at favourable B leaching conditions with high rainfall and sandy soils.

Symptoms
With B deficiency, the spear leaves are not able to open normally, therefore the pinnae show deformities like crumpling or crinkling (Crinkle Leaf). The leaf colour remains green.

Reasons
Boron deficiency B deficiency is likely to occur at low (<4.5) or high (>7.5) soil pH and at favourable B leaching conditions with high rainfall and sandy soils.

Symptoms
Boron deficiency causes abnormalities in leaf development like ‚crinkle leaf‘, ‚hook leaf‘, ‚little leaf‘, 'blind leaf. An early symptom of B deficiency is the formation of shortened leaves, giving the palm a ‚flat top‘ appearance. At severe deficiency, leaf production stops completely

Reasons
Boron deficiency on young plant B deficiency is likely to occur at low (<4.5) or high (>7.5) soil pH and at favourable B leaching conditions with high rainfall and sandy soils.

Symptoms
With B deficiency, the spear leaves are not able to open normally, therefore the pinnae show deformities like crumpling or crinkling (Crinkle Leaf). The leaf colour remains green.

Reasons
Boron deficiency B deficiency is likely to occur at low (<4.5) or high (>7.5) soil pH and at favourable B leaching conditions with high rainfall and sandy soils.